Past Participles of Irregular Verbs

May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment

Past Participles of Irregular Verbs

être – été
avoir – eu
mettre – mis
promettre – promis
faire – fait
voir – vu
boire – bu
croire – cru
vouloir – voulu
pouvoir – pu
devoir – dû
prendre – pris
comprendre – compris
savoir – su
connaître – connu
lire – lu
dire – dit
écrire – écrit
venir – venu
tenir – tenu
obtenir – obtenu
courir – couru
ouvrir – ouvert
couvrir – couvert
offrir – offert
conduire – conduit
construire – construit
vivre – vecu
courir – couru

Examples

nous avons vu – we saw
il a dit – he said
I had – j’ai eu
you promised – tu as promis
they took – ils ont pris
Did you understand? – Est-ce que vous avez compris? or Avez-vous compris?

YER verbs – treat like plain old ER verbs in passé composé – no y to i changes In passé composé, only in present tense.
Stem changer verbs (acheter, préférer, jeter, mener, etc.) treat like plain old ER verbs in passé composé – no stem changes in passé composé, only in present tense.

Dormir, sortir, partir, etc. treat as regular IR verbs in passé composé.

 

“Déjeuner du Matin”  by Jacques Prévert

Il a mis le café

Dans la tasse

Il a mis le lait

Dans la tasse de café

Il a mis le sucre

Dans le café au lait

Avec la petite cuiller

Il a tourné

Il a bu le café au lait

Et il a reposé la tasse

Sans me parler

Il a allumé

Une cigarette

Il a fait des ronds

Avec la fumée

Il a mis les cendres

Dans le cendrier

Sans me parler

Sans me regarder

Il s’est levé

Il a mis

Son chapeau sur sa tête

Il a mis son manteau de pluie

Parce qu’il pleuvait

Et il est parti

Sous la pluie

Sans une parole

Sans me regarder

Et moi j’ai pris

Ma tête dans ma main

Et j’ai pleuré.

Passé Composé (Part 2)

May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment

okey dokey – part 2. Passé composé with être. This is done like the passé composé with avoir, except for an extra step at the end.

1. Conjugate être to match the subject

2. Plug in the past participle

3. Add an ‘e’ or an ‘s’ to the past participle to make it match the gender and # of the subject

The verbs

verb past participle
monter monté
retourner retourné
sortir sorti
revenir revenu
devenir devenu
venir venu
aller allé
naître
descendre descendu
entrer entré
rentrer rentré
tomber tombé
rester resté
arriver arrivé
mourir mort
passer passé
partir parti

Okay – now to practice. Let’s go with ‘aller’ in past tense for example #1

je suis allé (m),  je suis allée (fem) I went, I did go, I have gone
tu es allé (m), tu es allée (fem) you went, you did go, you have gone
il est allé he went, he did go, he has gone
elle est allée she went, she did go, she has gone
nous sommes allés (m), nous sommes allées (fem) we went, we did go, we have gone
vous êtes allé (masc sing), vous êtes allée (fem, sing),  vous êtes allés (masc pl),   vous êtes allées (fem pl) you went, you did go, you have gone
ils sont allés they went, they did go, they have gone
elles sont allées they went, they did go, they have gone

 

Now for example #2,  “mourir” in past tense

je suis mort (m),  je suis morte (fem) I died, I have died, I did die
tu es mort (m), tu es morte (fem) you died, you have died, you did die
il est mort he died, he has died, he did die
elle est morte she died, she has died, she did die
nous sommes morts (m), nous sommes mortes (fem) we died, we have died, we did die
vous êtes mort (masc sing), vous êtes morte (fem sing), vous êtes morts (masc plural), vous êtes mortes (fem plural) you died, you have died,  you did die
ils sont morts they died, they have died, they did die
ells sont mortes they died, they have died, they did die

 

Passé Composé

May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment

Okey dokey – here we are in one big old swoop. All of the passé composé. The passé composé is used to refer to something that happened in the past. It did happen, it happened, or it has happened. Anything else and it’s a different tense.

The passé composé has two parts – an auxiliary verb and the past participle. To make this happen, you need to

1. conjugate the auxiliary verb (avoir or être)

2. plug in the past participle

a. for regular ER verbs – drop the ‘er’, add ‘é’ – parler becomes parlé

b. for regular IR verbs – drop the ‘r’ – finir becomes fini

c. for regular RE verbs – drop the ‘re’, add ‘u’ – vendre becomes vendu

d. irregular verbs – memorize them!!!

passé composé with avoir

ER –

j’ai dansé – I danced, I have danced, I did dance

tu as dansé – you danced, you have danced, you did dance

il a dansé – he danced, he has danced, he did dance

nous avons dansé – we danced, we have danced, we did dance

vous avez dansé – you danced, you have danced, you did dance

ils ont dansé – they danced, they have danced, they did dance

IR –

j’ai fini – I have finished, I did finish, I finished

tu as fini – you have finished, you did finish, you finished

il a fini – he has finished, he did finish, he finished

nous avons fini – we have finished, we did finish, we finished

vous avez fini – you have finished, you did finish, you finished

ils ont fini – they have finished, they did finish, they finished

RE –

j’ai vendu – I sold, I did sell, I have sold

tu as vendu – you sold, you did sell, you have sold

il a vendu – he sold, he did sell, he has sold

nous avons vendu – we sold, we did sell, we have sold

vous avez vendu – you sold, you did sell, you have sold

ils ont vendu – they sold, they did sell, they have sold

IRREG – (just an example, I’ll give you the list of irregular past participles separately)

example for mettre – past participle is ‘mis’

j’ai mis – I put, I did put, I have put

tu as mis – you put, you did put, you have put

il a mis – he put, he did put, he has put

nous avons mis – we put, we did put, we have put

vous avez mis – you put, you did put, you have put

ils ont mis – they put, they did put, they have put

*the passé composé with être will be in next posting*

Aller – to go

May 11, 2011 § Leave a comment

Aller means to go.

je vais – I’m going, I do go, I go
tu vas – you’re going, you do go, you go
il va – he is going, he does go, he goes
elle va – she is going, she does go, she goes

nous allons – we are going, we do go, we go
vous allez – you are going, you do go, you go
ils vont – they are going, they do go, they go
elles vont – they are going, they do go, they go

Je vais au parc. I’m going to the park.
Fred va à la plage. Fred is going to the beach.
Nous allons à l’école. We are going to the school.

Aller can also be used with other verbs – to state that one is going to do something

Nous allons chanter. We’re going to sing.
Je vais nager – I’m going to swim.
Est-ce que tu vas étudier? – Are you going to study?

Ouvrir and Similar Verbs

April 19, 2011 § Leave a comment

ouvrir – to open
couvrir – to cover
découvrir – to discover
souffrir – to suffer
offrir – to offer

These verbs all are IR verbs that follow the ER verb pattern when conjugated in the present tense. In other tenses, these verbs are irregular, but all follow the same pattern.
Ouvrir

j’ouvre nous ouvrons
tu ouvres vous ouvrez
il ouvre ils ouvrent

Couvrir

je couvre nous couvrons
tu couvres vous couvrez
il couvre ils couvrent

Offrir

j’offre nous offrons
tu offres vous offrez
il offre ils offrent

 

Mettre

April 19, 2011 § Leave a comment

mettre – to put, to put on

je mets nous mettons
tu mets vous mettez
il met ils mettent

Je mets mon sac à dos sur la table.  I’m putting my backpack on the table.
Georges met le lait dans le frigo. Georges is putting the milk in the fridge.
Nous mettons nos anoraks parce qu’il fait froid. We are putting on our parkas because it’s cold.
Tu dois mettre tes chaussures si tu veux aller dehors. You have to put on your shoes if you want to go outside.

verbs like mettre

promettre – to promise
permettre – to permit, to allow
soumettre – to submit
remettre -to put back
se mettre à – to start to (do something)
omettre – to omit
commettre – to commit

Irregular IR Verbs

March 16, 2011 § Leave a comment

sortir- to go out
partir – to leave
dormir – to sleep
s’endormir – to fall asleep
servir – to serve
mentir – to lie
se sentir – to feel
sentir – to smell

Sortir – to go out, or to get something out

je sors nous sortons
tu sors vous sortez
il sort ils sortent

 We are going out at 9 a.m. – Nous sortons à 9h.
I’m going out with Sophie and George – Je sors avec Sophie et George.
She’s getting her suitcase from the overhead compartment – Elle sort sa valise du compartiment.

Partir – to leave

je pars nous partons
tu pars vous partez
il part ils partent

They are leaving today. Ils partent aujourd’hui.
3,2,1, Go! Trois, deux, un, Partez!

Servir – to serve

je sers nous servons
tu sers vous servez
il sert ils servent

The waiter is serving the meal. Le serveur sert le repas.

Dormir – to sleep

je dors nous dormons
tu dors vous dormez
il dort ils dorment

 

Yer Verbs

March 15, 2011 § Leave a comment

These verbs are regular ‘er’ verbs, except that for the je, tu, il, and ils forms in present tense, one changes the ‘y’ to an ‘i’.

payer – to pay (for)
envoyer – to send
nettoyer – to clean
essayer (de) – to try (to)
essuyer – to wipe
balayer – to sweep
renvoyer – to send back, to fire
appuyer – to push
employer – to use, to employ
ennuyer – to annoy, to bore
aboyer – to bark
se noyer – to drown

To conjugate these verbs;
a. drop the er
b. add the ending to match the subject
c. for the je, tu, il, and ils forms, change the ‘y’ to ‘i’

payer

je paie nous payons
tu paies vous payez
Il paie ils paient

 

essuyer

j’essuie nous essuyons
tu essuies vous essuyez
il essuie ils essuient

Je paie à la caisse. I’m paying at the cashier
Sophie essuie le comptoir – Sophie’s wiping the counter
Nous nettoyons notre chambre – We’re cleaning our room

Acheter

March 3, 2011 § Leave a comment

Acheter is a regular ER verb except for the addition of accents for the je, tu, il, and ils forms. The addition of the accent is to emphasize the accented syllable as the last syllable. There are other verbs that follow the same pattern with accents or double consonants at the last syllable.

Acheter – to buy

j’achète nous achetons
tu achètes vous achetez
il achète ils achètent

Verbs like acheter
to complete – achever
to bring up, to raise – élever
to remove, to take off – enlever
to freeze – geler
to raise, to lift – lever
to weigh – peser

to throw – jeter

je jette nous jetons
tu jettes vous jetez
il jette ils jettent

verbs like jeter
rejeter – to reject
projeter – to plan, to project

appeler – to call

j’appelle nous appelons
tu appelles vous appelez
il appelle ils appellent

verbs like appeler
épeler – to spell
rappeler – to recall, to remind
se rappeler – to remember

mener – to lead

je mène nous menons
tu mènes vous menez
il mène ils mènent

verbs like mener
amener – to bring (a person)
emmener – to take (a person)
se promener – to walk

préférer – to prefer
and
espérer – to hope
follow the same rule where the accent over the second syllable changes direction in the je, tu, il, and ils forms – again to place emphasis on the second syllable as the last pronounced syllable.

verbs like préférer

célébrer – to celebrate
considérer – to consider
se sécher – to dry oneself
répéter – to repeat
suggérer – to suggest
protéger – to protect
céder – to yield
compléter – to complete
exagérer – to exaggerate
interpréter – to interpret
posséder – to possess
révéler – to reveal

je préfère nous préférons
tu préfères vous préférez
il préfère ils préfèrent
j’espère nous espérons
tu espères vous espérez
il espère ils espèrent

Prendre Verbs

March 1, 2011 § Leave a comment

prendre – to take
comprendre – to understand
surprendre – to surprise
apprendre (à) – to learn (to)

Prendre is an irregular verb. The other verbs in this category follow the same pattern as prendre.

je prends nous prenons
tu prends vous prenez
il prend ils prennent

1. Prendre literally means ‘to take’. You can ‘prendre’ a train or a bus, you can ‘prendre’ a bath or a shower, and in many cases it translates directly
a. One doesn’t prendre people, one uses mener, amener, or emmener when discussing transporting people.

2. the verb prendre has a number of additional meanings.

a. Used with food of beverages, prendre means ‘to eat’ or ‘to drink’.
Au restaurant Marie prend toujours du poulet.
Au café, mes amis prennent toujours du thé.

b. Prendre le petit déjeuner means “to eat breakfast”. BUT one does not use prendre with other meals in French.
to eat lunch – déjeuner
to eat dinner – dîner
Je prends mon petit déjeuner à la maison, mais je déjeune toujours à un restaurant.

c. Prendre les billets means “to buy tickets”
Je prends mon billet au guichet.

d. Other prendre idioms are :
prendre un billet – to buy a ticket
prendre un chemin -to take a road
prendre une decision – to make a decision
prendre un parti – to make a decision
prendre son temps – to take one’s time
prendre au sérieux – to take seriously
prendre rendez-vous avec – to arrange a meeting with
s’y prenre – to go about something
prendre un bain / une douche – to take a bath / shower

Apprendre – to learn
J’apprends le français. I am learning French.
BUT
when you’re learning TO do something, you apprend à infinitive.
j’apprends à nager. I’m learning to swim.
Nous apprenons à faire de la planche à voile. We’re learning to windsurf
Fred et Georges apprennent à jouer du piano. Fred and George are learning to play the piano.

* Last little thing* Quelle surprise! = what a surprise! Good expression to know.

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