Past Participles of Irregular Verbs
May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment
Past Participles of Irregular Verbs
être – été
avoir – eu
mettre – mis
promettre – promis
faire – fait
voir – vu
boire – bu
croire – cru
vouloir – voulu
pouvoir – pu
devoir – dû
prendre – pris
comprendre – compris
savoir – su
connaître – connu
lire – lu
dire – dit
écrire – écrit
venir – venu
tenir – tenu
obtenir – obtenu
courir – couru
ouvrir – ouvert
couvrir – couvert
offrir – offert
conduire – conduit
construire – construit
vivre – vecu
courir – couru
Examples
nous avons vu – we saw
il a dit – he said
I had – j’ai eu
you promised – tu as promis
they took – ils ont pris
Did you understand? – Est-ce que vous avez compris? or Avez-vous compris?
YER verbs – treat like plain old ER verbs in passé composé – no y to i changes In passé composé, only in present tense.
Stem changer verbs (acheter, préférer, jeter, mener, etc.) treat like plain old ER verbs in passé composé – no stem changes in passé composé, only in present tense.
Dormir, sortir, partir, etc. treat as regular IR verbs in passé composé.
“Déjeuner du Matin” by Jacques Prévert
Il a mis le café
Dans la tasse
Il a mis le lait
Dans la tasse de café
Il a mis le sucre
Dans le café au lait
Avec la petite cuiller
Il a tourné
Il a bu le café au lait
Et il a reposé la tasse
Sans me parler
Il a allumé
Une cigarette
Il a fait des ronds
Avec la fumée
Il a mis les cendres
Dans le cendrier
Sans me parler
Sans me regarder
Il s’est levé
Il a mis
Son chapeau sur sa tête
Il a mis son manteau de pluie
Parce qu’il pleuvait
Et il est parti
Sous la pluie
Sans une parole
Sans me regarder
Et moi j’ai pris
Ma tête dans ma main
Et j’ai pleuré.
Passé Composé (Part 2)
May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment
okey dokey – part 2. Passé composé with être. This is done like the passé composé with avoir, except for an extra step at the end.
1. Conjugate être to match the subject
2. Plug in the past participle
3. Add an ‘e’ or an ‘s’ to the past participle to make it match the gender and # of the subject
The verbs
verb | past participle |
monter | monté |
retourner | retourné |
sortir | sorti |
revenir | revenu |
devenir | devenu |
venir | venu |
aller | allé |
naître | né |
descendre | descendu |
entrer | entré |
rentrer | rentré |
tomber | tombé |
rester | resté |
arriver | arrivé |
mourir | mort |
passer | passé |
partir | parti |
Okay – now to practice. Let’s go with ‘aller’ in past tense for example #1
je suis allé (m), je suis allée (fem) | I went, I did go, I have gone |
tu es allé (m), tu es allée (fem) | you went, you did go, you have gone |
il est allé | he went, he did go, he has gone |
elle est allée | she went, she did go, she has gone |
nous sommes allés (m), nous sommes allées (fem) | we went, we did go, we have gone |
vous êtes allé (masc sing), vous êtes allée (fem, sing), vous êtes allés (masc pl), vous êtes allées (fem pl) | you went, you did go, you have gone |
ils sont allés | they went, they did go, they have gone |
elles sont allées | they went, they did go, they have gone |
Now for example #2, “mourir” in past tense
je suis mort (m), je suis morte (fem) | I died, I have died, I did die |
tu es mort (m), tu es morte (fem) | you died, you have died, you did die |
il est mort | he died, he has died, he did die |
elle est morte | she died, she has died, she did die |
nous sommes morts (m), nous sommes mortes (fem) | we died, we have died, we did die |
vous êtes mort (masc sing), vous êtes morte (fem sing), vous êtes morts (masc plural), vous êtes mortes (fem plural) | you died, you have died, you did die |
ils sont morts | they died, they have died, they did die |
ells sont mortes | they died, they have died, they did die |
Passé Composé
May 13, 2011 § Leave a comment
Okey dokey – here we are in one big old swoop. All of the passé composé. The passé composé is used to refer to something that happened in the past. It did happen, it happened, or it has happened. Anything else and it’s a different tense.
The passé composé has two parts – an auxiliary verb and the past participle. To make this happen, you need to
1. conjugate the auxiliary verb (avoir or être)
2. plug in the past participle
a. for regular ER verbs – drop the ‘er’, add ‘é’ – parler becomes parlé
b. for regular IR verbs – drop the ‘r’ – finir becomes fini
c. for regular RE verbs – drop the ‘re’, add ‘u’ – vendre becomes vendu
d. irregular verbs – memorize them!!!
passé composé with avoir
ER –
j’ai dansé – I danced, I have danced, I did dance
tu as dansé – you danced, you have danced, you did dance
il a dansé – he danced, he has danced, he did dance
nous avons dansé – we danced, we have danced, we did dance
vous avez dansé – you danced, you have danced, you did dance
ils ont dansé – they danced, they have danced, they did dance
IR –
j’ai fini – I have finished, I did finish, I finished
tu as fini – you have finished, you did finish, you finished
il a fini – he has finished, he did finish, he finished
nous avons fini – we have finished, we did finish, we finished
vous avez fini – you have finished, you did finish, you finished
ils ont fini – they have finished, they did finish, they finished
RE –
j’ai vendu – I sold, I did sell, I have sold
tu as vendu – you sold, you did sell, you have sold
il a vendu – he sold, he did sell, he has sold
nous avons vendu – we sold, we did sell, we have sold
vous avez vendu – you sold, you did sell, you have sold
ils ont vendu – they sold, they did sell, they have sold
IRREG – (just an example, I’ll give you the list of irregular past participles separately)
example for mettre – past participle is ‘mis’
j’ai mis – I put, I did put, I have put
tu as mis – you put, you did put, you have put
il a mis – he put, he did put, he has put
nous avons mis – we put, we did put, we have put
vous avez mis – you put, you did put, you have put
ils ont mis – they put, they did put, they have put
*the passé composé with être will be in next posting*
Aller – to go
May 11, 2011 § Leave a comment
Aller means to go.
je vais – I’m going, I do go, I go
tu vas – you’re going, you do go, you go
il va – he is going, he does go, he goes
elle va – she is going, she does go, she goes
nous allons – we are going, we do go, we go
vous allez – you are going, you do go, you go
ils vont – they are going, they do go, they go
elles vont – they are going, they do go, they go
Je vais au parc. I’m going to the park.
Fred va à la plage. Fred is going to the beach.
Nous allons à l’école. We are going to the school.
Aller can also be used with other verbs – to state that one is going to do something
Nous allons chanter. We’re going to sing.
Je vais nager – I’m going to swim.
Est-ce que tu vas étudier? – Are you going to study?
Ouvrir and Similar Verbs
April 19, 2011 § Leave a comment
ouvrir – to open
couvrir – to cover
découvrir – to discover
souffrir – to suffer
offrir – to offer
These verbs all are IR verbs that follow the ER verb pattern when conjugated in the present tense. In other tenses, these verbs are irregular, but all follow the same pattern.
Ouvrir
j’ouvre | nous ouvrons |
tu ouvres | vous ouvrez |
il ouvre | ils ouvrent |
Couvrir
je couvre | nous couvrons |
tu couvres | vous couvrez |
il couvre | ils couvrent |
Offrir
j’offre | nous offrons |
tu offres | vous offrez |
il offre | ils offrent |
Mettre
April 19, 2011 § Leave a comment
mettre – to put, to put on
je mets | nous mettons |
tu mets | vous mettez |
il met | ils mettent |
Je mets mon sac à dos sur la table. I’m putting my backpack on the table.
Georges met le lait dans le frigo. Georges is putting the milk in the fridge.
Nous mettons nos anoraks parce qu’il fait froid. We are putting on our parkas because it’s cold.
Tu dois mettre tes chaussures si tu veux aller dehors. You have to put on your shoes if you want to go outside.
verbs like mettre
promettre – to promise
permettre – to permit, to allow
soumettre – to submit
remettre -to put back
se mettre à – to start to (do something)
omettre – to omit
commettre – to commit
Irregular IR Verbs
March 16, 2011 § Leave a comment
sortir- to go out
partir – to leave
dormir – to sleep
s’endormir – to fall asleep
servir – to serve
mentir – to lie
se sentir – to feel
sentir – to smell
Sortir – to go out, or to get something out
je sors | nous sortons |
tu sors | vous sortez |
il sort | ils sortent |
We are going out at 9 a.m. – Nous sortons à 9h.
I’m going out with Sophie and George – Je sors avec Sophie et George.
She’s getting her suitcase from the overhead compartment – Elle sort sa valise du compartiment.
Partir – to leave
je pars | nous partons |
tu pars | vous partez |
il part | ils partent |
They are leaving today. Ils partent aujourd’hui.
3,2,1, Go! Trois, deux, un, Partez!
Servir – to serve
je sers | nous servons |
tu sers | vous servez |
il sert | ils servent |
The waiter is serving the meal. Le serveur sert le repas.
Dormir – to sleep
je dors | nous dormons |
tu dors | vous dormez |
il dort | ils dorment |
Yer Verbs
March 15, 2011 § Leave a comment
These verbs are regular ‘er’ verbs, except that for the je, tu, il, and ils forms in present tense, one changes the ‘y’ to an ‘i’.
payer – to pay (for)
envoyer – to send
nettoyer – to clean
essayer (de) – to try (to)
essuyer – to wipe
balayer – to sweep
renvoyer – to send back, to fire
appuyer – to push
employer – to use, to employ
ennuyer – to annoy, to bore
aboyer – to bark
se noyer – to drown
To conjugate these verbs;
a. drop the er
b. add the ending to match the subject
c. for the je, tu, il, and ils forms, change the ‘y’ to ‘i’
payer
je paie | nous payons |
tu paies | vous payez |
Il paie | ils paient |
essuyer
j’essuie | nous essuyons |
tu essuies | vous essuyez |
il essuie | ils essuient |
Je paie à la caisse. I’m paying at the cashier
Sophie essuie le comptoir – Sophie’s wiping the counter
Nous nettoyons notre chambre – We’re cleaning our room
Acheter
March 3, 2011 § Leave a comment
Acheter is a regular ER verb except for the addition of accents for the je, tu, il, and ils forms. The addition of the accent is to emphasize the accented syllable as the last syllable. There are other verbs that follow the same pattern with accents or double consonants at the last syllable.
Acheter – to buy
j’achète | nous achetons |
tu achètes | vous achetez |
il achète | ils achètent |
Verbs like acheter
to complete – achever
to bring up, to raise – élever
to remove, to take off – enlever
to freeze – geler
to raise, to lift – lever
to weigh – peser
to throw – jeter
je jette | nous jetons |
tu jettes | vous jetez |
il jette | ils jettent |
verbs like jeter
rejeter – to reject
projeter – to plan, to project
appeler – to call
j’appelle | nous appelons |
tu appelles | vous appelez |
il appelle | ils appellent |
verbs like appeler
épeler – to spell
rappeler – to recall, to remind
se rappeler – to remember
mener – to lead
je mène | nous menons |
tu mènes | vous menez |
il mène | ils mènent |
verbs like mener
amener – to bring (a person)
emmener – to take (a person)
se promener – to walk
préférer – to prefer
and
espérer – to hope
follow the same rule where the accent over the second syllable changes direction in the je, tu, il, and ils forms – again to place emphasis on the second syllable as the last pronounced syllable.
verbs like préférer
célébrer – to celebrate
considérer – to consider
se sécher – to dry oneself
répéter – to repeat
suggérer – to suggest
protéger – to protect
céder – to yield
compléter – to complete
exagérer – to exaggerate
interpréter – to interpret
posséder – to possess
révéler – to reveal
je préfère | nous préférons |
tu préfères | vous préférez |
il préfère | ils préfèrent |
j’espère | nous espérons |
tu espères | vous espérez |
il espère | ils espèrent |
Prendre Verbs
March 1, 2011 § Leave a comment
prendre – to take
comprendre – to understand
surprendre – to surprise
apprendre (à) – to learn (to)
Prendre is an irregular verb. The other verbs in this category follow the same pattern as prendre.
je prends | nous prenons |
tu prends | vous prenez |
il prend | ils prennent |
1. Prendre literally means ‘to take’. You can ‘prendre’ a train or a bus, you can ‘prendre’ a bath or a shower, and in many cases it translates directly
a. One doesn’t prendre people, one uses mener, amener, or emmener when discussing transporting people.
2. the verb prendre has a number of additional meanings.
a. Used with food of beverages, prendre means ‘to eat’ or ‘to drink’.
Au restaurant Marie prend toujours du poulet.
Au café, mes amis prennent toujours du thé.
b. Prendre le petit déjeuner means “to eat breakfast”. BUT one does not use prendre with other meals in French.
to eat lunch – déjeuner
to eat dinner – dîner
Je prends mon petit déjeuner à la maison, mais je déjeune toujours à un restaurant.
c. Prendre les billets means “to buy tickets”
Je prends mon billet au guichet.
d. Other prendre idioms are :
prendre un billet – to buy a ticket
prendre un chemin -to take a road
prendre une decision – to make a decision
prendre un parti – to make a decision
prendre son temps – to take one’s time
prendre au sérieux – to take seriously
prendre rendez-vous avec – to arrange a meeting with
s’y prenre – to go about something
prendre un bain / une douche – to take a bath / shower
Apprendre – to learn
J’apprends le français. I am learning French.
BUT
when you’re learning TO do something, you apprend à infinitive.
j’apprends à nager. I’m learning to swim.
Nous apprenons à faire de la planche à voile. We’re learning to windsurf
Fred et Georges apprennent à jouer du piano. Fred and George are learning to play the piano.
* Last little thing* Quelle surprise! = what a surprise! Good expression to know.